It's a relatively common condition, with surveys indicating that over 20% of women report symptoms consistent with FVD.

Difficulty emptying the bladder.

Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying.

Need to strain to urinate.

Urinary hesitancy (delay in starting urination).

Slow or weak urine stream.

Urinary urgency (feeling the need to urinate urgently).

Urinary frequency (urinating more often than usual).

Nocturia frequent night time urination.

Dribbling of urine.

Recurrent UTI.

Nerve dysfunction: Damage to nerves controlling bladder function.

Pelvic floor muscle issues: Non-relaxing or hypertonic pelvic floor muscles can interfere with urination.

Bladder underactivity (detrusor): Reduced bladder muscle activity.

Outflow obstruction (urethra): Blockage or narrowing of the urethra can hinder urine flow , prolapse.

Trauma.

Poor lifestyle habits.

Stress.

Clinical evaluation: A thorough medical history and physical examination.

Urinary symptom questionnaires: To assess the frequency and severity of symptoms.

Bladder diary: A record of urination habits and fluid intake.

Urodynamic studies: To measure bladder pressure and urine flow during urination.

Recurrent UTI.

Bladder Stones.

Renal Infection.

Renal Damage.

Bladder failure.

Medications: Alpha blockers to relax bladder neck.

Pelvic Floor Muscle Therapy(PFMT): These exercises strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

Biofeedback: Therapy that helps individuals learn to control their pelvic floor muscles by providing real-time feedback on their muscle activity, which is displayed in video/audio.

Life style modifications

CISC : Intermittant Catheterization

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